ESPRESSIF ESP8266

Introduction
The ESP8266 chip from Espressif is the new generation of low-cost WiFi chips after the TI CC3000/CC3200. This small chip not only integrates the whole WiFi features, but also a powerful programmable MCU. Depending on the board layout (ESP-01, ESP-03, ESP-07, ESP12, etc) it is attached to a programmable flash, ranging from 512K to 4M. This increases the available user code space, and make possible other cool features like a small file system, or OTA updates.
ESP8266 Dev Module. Also known as NodeMCU.
Install On Arduino IDE
This device can be directly programmed from the Arduino IDE. You can follow the following steps if you did not programmed this boards with the Arduino IDE. The only requirement is to install the board via the Arduino Boards Manager.
In the Arduino preferences, enter http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json in Additional Boards Manager URLs
Arduino Preferences - Additional Boards Manager
Next, go to the Boards manager to install the ESP8266 package. Tools > Boards > Board manager... Then search and install the esp8266 package.
Now you can program almost any ESP8266 directly from the Arduino IDE. From the Tools > Boards you should see now the new ESP8266 boards installed. Select your board to be able to compile code for the ESP8266.
You can find additional information for the ESP8266 package in the ESP8266 Github Repository. The easiest board to program is the NodeMCU, which does not require pressing Flash + Reset buttons for uploading the sketch. For other boards you will need to use a USB to Serial converter (3v3!) and flash the sketch by setting some GPIOs to GND. Please search in Google for this step if you are not sure how to make it for your board. 
ESP8266 WiFi
The following example will allow connecting an ESP8266 device to the cloud platform in a few lines using the WiFi interface. Just modify the arduino_secrets.h file with your own information.
ESP8266.ino
arduino_secrets.h
#define THINGER_SERIAL_DEBUG
​
#include <ThingerESP8266.h>
#include "arduino_secrets.h"
​
ThingerESP8266 thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);
​
void setup() {
  // open serial for monitoring
  Serial.begin(115200);
​
  // set builtin led as output
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
​
  // add WiFi credentials
  thing.add_wifi(SSID, SSID_PASSWORD);
​
  // digital pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, configuring a parameter, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);
​
  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());
​
  // more details at http://docs.thinger.io/arduino/
}
​
void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}
#define USERNAME "your_user_name"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"
​
#define SSID "your_wifi_ssid"
#define SSID_PASSWORD "your_wifi_ssid_password"
ESP8266 WiFi WebConfig
It is possible to configure all parameters required for connection via a web Interface (captive portal). The device will create an access point where the user can connect to establish required information, like username, device identifier, credentials, and access point to connect.
ESP8266WebConfig.ino
#define THINGER_SERIAL_DEBUG
​
// Requires WifiManager from Library Manager or https://github.com/tzapu/WiFiManager
#include <ThingerESP8266WebConfig.h>
​
ThingerESP8266WebConfig thing;
​
void setup() {
  // open serial for debugging
  Serial.begin(115200);
​
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
​
  // digital pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, configuring a parameter, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);
​
  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());
}
​
void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}
Once this sketch is loaded in the device, it is possible to follow the next steps to connect it to the platform:
1.Connect to Thinger-Device WiFi with your computer or phone, using thinger.io as WiFi password
2.Wait for the configuration window, or navigate to http://192.168.4.1 if it does not appear
3.Configure the wifi where the ESP8266 will be connected, and your thinger.io device credentials
4.Your device should be now connected to the platform.
The WebConfig interface includes different methods to control the captive portal:
clean_credentials: It clean all credentials from the device (WiFi/user parameters). This way, the next time the device is booted will create the captive portal again to request the WiFi configuration. It can be executed after a long press on a button. 
set_user: Initializes the default user for connecting the device to the platform (if set, this parameter is not requested to the user in the captive portal).
set_device: Initializes the default device for connecting the device to the platform (if set, this parameter is not requested to the user in the captive portal).
set_password: Initializes the default device password for connecting the device to the platform (if set, this parameter is not requested to the user in the captive portal).
add_setup_parameter: Add additional parameters to be requested in the captive portal, for example, any other configuration required for the execution: sampling intervals, meta-data, thresholds, etc.
set_on_config_callback: Set a callback to receive configuration provided by the user in the captive portal, i.e., user, device, password, or any additional parameter configured.
set_on_wifi_config: Set a callback to receive the result of the WiFi configuration. If the connection did not succeed, it can be used to clean credentials, so, the captive portal runs again.
set_on_captive_portal_run: Set a callback to receive the WiFiManager instance before the captive portal is shown. It can be used to add any other customization over the WebConfig interface.
ESP8266 WiFi SmartConfig
The SmartConfig (or recently named ESP-Touch) is a provisioning technology developed by TI to connect a new Wi-Fi device to a Wi-Fi network. It uses a mobile app to broadcast the network credentials from a smartphone, or a tablet, to an un-provisioned Wi-Fi device.
The advantage of this technology is that the device does not need to directly know SSID or password of an Access Point (AP). This information is provided using the smartphone. This is particularly important to headless device and systems, due to their lack of a user interface.
To use this Wi-Fi provisioning technology, just use an example like the following:
ESP8266SmartConfig.ino
arduino_secrets.h
#define THINGER_SERIAL_DEBUG
​
#include <ThingerSmartConfig.h>
#include "arduino_secrets.h"
​
ThingerSmartConfig thing(USERNAME, DEVICE_ID, DEVICE_CREDENTIAL);
​
void setup() {
  // open serial for debugging
  Serial.begin(115200);
​
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
​
  // digital pin control example (i.e. turning on/off a light, a relay, configuring a parameter, etc)
  thing["led"] << digitalPin(LED_BUILTIN);
​
  // resource output example (i.e. reading a sensor value)
  thing["millis"] >> outputValue(millis());
​
  // more details at http://docs.thinger.io/arduino/
}
​
void loop() {
  thing.handle();
}
#define USERNAME "your_user_name"
#define DEVICE_ID "your_device_id"
#define DEVICE_CREDENTIAL "your_device_credential"
Once this sketch is loaded in the device, it is possible to setup WiFi credentials using example applications from Espressif. Just download and install ESP Touch application from Espressif for your mobile phone and follow the onscreen instructions. Reference applications can be downloaded from here: https://www.espressif.com/en/products/software/esp-touch/resources​

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ESP8266 WiFi

ESP8266 WiFi WebConfig

ESP8266 WiFi SmartConfig